In the
sport of
cricket, an extra is a
run scored by a means other than a
batsman hitting the
ball. Extras are also sometimes called sundries. Extras
are added to the batting team's score, but are not added to any
individual batsman's score.
Other than runs scored off the bat from a no ball, a batsman is not
given credit for extras and the extras are tallied separately on the scorecard.
Types of extra
No ball
An umpire may call a no ball when the bowler, wicket-keeper, or
fielder commits an illegal action during bowling.
The most common reason for a no ball is overstepping the
popping crease for the front foot at the instant of delivery. A rarer reason
is when the bowler's back foot touches or lands outside the
return crease. A third reason for calling a no ball is when a bowler throws
(or chucks) the ball. This has caused a lot of international controversy
in recent times. The penalty for a no ball is one run (or, in some
one-day competitions, two runs, and\or a "free hit"); furthermore, the no
ball does not count as one of the six in an over but it counts as a ball faced
by the batsman as far as his personal statistics are concerned. The runs
otherwise scored by the batsman, whether by running or by a boundary, also count
as part of the team score, but only runs scored off the bat are included in the
batsman's score.
For every no-ball bowled, an extra ball is added to the number of balls in
that over.
These days a no ball is scored against the bowler, since this makes the
bowling statistics more accurate.
See no ball
for a complete list of no ball situations.
Wide
A ball being delivered too far from the batsman to strike it, provided that
no part of the batsman's body or equipment touches the ball, is known as a
wide (the definition of what counts as wide is far more strict in a limited
overs match, because bowling unplayable balls would be a way to "waste" the
batting team's innings).
A wide is penalized one run; a wide also does not count as one of the six in
an over. However, if a no ball is called, the ball is not also counted as a
wide. The runs otherwise scored by the batsman, whether by running or by a
boundary, also count as part of the score. (Note that the batsman need not
strike the ball to run.)
For every wide bowled, an extra ball is added to the number of balls in that
over.
In modern cricket a wide is scored against the bowler.
Bye
If the ball is not struck by the batsmans' bat (or connect with any part of
the batsmans' body), and the ball is adjudged a fair ball, the batsmen may run.
In this case, the runs are scored as
byes. A common example of this is a wicketkeeper missing a delivery with
heavy spin and\or bounce, which then goes behind the wicketkeeper. In the modern
game a bye is scored against the wicket keeper.
Leg bye
If the ball hits the batsman's body, then provided the batsman is not out
leg before wicket (lbw) and the batsman either tried to avoid being
hit or tried to hit the ball with the bat, the batsman may run. In this
case, regardless of the part of anatomy touched by the ball, the runs scored are
known as leg byes.
Leg byes are not scored against the bowler or the wicket keeper, because they
are not their fault and occur at random.
Penalty runs
As well as the runs scored as penalties for no balls and wides, since the
changes to the laws in 2000 five penalty runs may be awarded for rarer breaches
of the laws:
- Fielders in potentially dangerous positions can use protective headgear. For
convenience, when a helmet is not being used (for example if the field is set so
that all fielders are a distance from the batsman) it can be placed on the
ground behind the wicketkeeper. If the ball touches this helmet as it is lying
on the ground, five penalty runs are awarded to the batting side.
- Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team if a fielder fields the
ball other than with his person (for example, using a cap or other item of
clothing) or if the ball is touched by a fielder who has returned to the field
without the umpire's permission.
- If the umpires decide that the fielding team have
illegally changed the condition of the ball, they must award five penalty
runs to the batting team.
- Five penalty runs may also be awarded to the batting team if the fielding
team are judged to have deliberately distracted or obstructed the batsman. If
the distraction or obstruction occurs before the striker receives the ball, the
fielding team must first receive a warning, however penalty runs are awarded for
the first instance of such an infringement after the striker has received the
ball.
- If, after having been warned for the relevant offence, the fielding team
damage the protected area of the pitch or deliberately waste time between overs,
five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team.
- Five penalty runs may instead be awarded to the fielding side if the batting
team attempt to "steal" a run, deliberately waste time after having been warned,
or damage the pitch after two warnings. The penalty runs are added to the
fielding team's score in their previous innings, unless they have not yet
batted, in which case the runs are added to their first innings.
The penalty consists of five runs because while four runs and six runs are
common scores, five runs is rather rare.
